Protocols

What are neurofeedback protocols?

Neurofeedback protocols are structured methods designed to train the brain to function more effectively. They use EEG sensors to measure the brain’s electrical activity and provide real-time feedback on brain-wave patterns. Through visual, auditory or tactile feedback, the brain learns to self-regulate, supporting mental states such as relaxation, attention and emotional control.

 

General aims of the protocols

1. Improve brain functioning:
   • Promote states of relaxation.
   • Improve concentration and memory.
   • Reduce states of hyperactivation related to anxiety and stress.
2. Support emotional regulation:
   • Manage emotional states associated with emotional eating, anger or fear.
   • Reduce impulsive responses.
3. Promote physical well-being:
   • Relieve symptoms related to stress, such as insomnia or muscle tension.
   • Help improve stress-related physical symptoms, such as gastrointestinal problems.

 

 

Why is customization necessary?

Every brain is unique and has specific activation patterns. Before a protocol is applied, an initial baseline (reference assessment) is recorded to measure:

• The dominant brain waves and their distribution (e.g. Alpha, Beta, Theta).
• The balance between activation (Beta waves) and relaxation (Alpha/Theta waves).
• The presence of imbalances or dysfunctional patterns (e.g. Beta excess in states of anxiety).

The baseline provides the starting point for designing a tailored protocol, with goals adapted to the individual’s needs. Progress is monitored continuously during training so that the protocol parameters can be adjusted.

 

Main protocols and their applications

1. Alpha-Theta Neurofeedback

• Objective: Train the brain to support deep relaxation and improve sleep.
• When it is used:
  • To treat insomnia and stress.
  • To promote meditative states and reduce anxiety.
• How it works:
  • Alpha and Theta waves are monitored to facilitate a smooth transition from wakefulness to deep relaxation.

 

2. SMR Training (Sensory Motor Rhythm)

• Objective: Strengthen motor control and improve sleep quality.
• When it is used:
  • To address insomnia and improve sleep stability.
  • To reduce motor hyperarousal (e.g. restless legs syndrome).
• How it works:
  • Training aims to increase SMR activity (12–15 Hz) in the sensorimotor cortex while reducing excessive Theta and Beta activity.

 

3. Alpha Uptraining

• Objective: Stabilize Alpha waves for relaxation and concentration.
• When it is used:
  • To manage stress and reduce cortisol.
  • To regulate emotional responses associated with emotional eating or anger.
• How it works:
  • Alpha amplitude is increased in specific brain regions (e.g. the occipital areas) using visual or auditory feedback.

 

4. Theta-Beta Neurofeedback

• Objective: Improve attention and reduce anxiety.
• When it is used:
  • To support individuals with ADHD or difficulty concentrating.
  • To reduce states of mental hyperactivation.
• How it works:
  • Training aims to rebalance the ratio between Theta activity (distraction) and Beta activity (focus) while monitoring the frontal regions.

 

5. Alpha-Delta Protocol

• Objective: Reduce chronic pain perception and improve relaxation.
• When it is used:
  • For psychosomatic conditions or persistent pain.
  • To improve well-being in chronic tension states.
• How it works:
  • The interaction between Alpha waves (relaxation) and Delta waves (deep rest) is monitored, guiding the brain towards more balanced states.

How are these protocols implemented?

1. Initial Assessment Phase (Baseline)

• A 5–10 minute EEG recording is taken with the eyes open and then closed.
• The dominant patterns of brain activation and areas of imbalance are identified.

2. Protocol Planning

• The protocol best suited to the goals is selected (e.g. Alpha-Theta for insomnia).
• Parameters are tailored, including session duration and target-wave frequency.

3. Training sessions

• Duration: Each session lasts 20–40 minutes, over a total period of 6–8 weeks.
• The client receives real-time feedback (e.g. graphs or sounds) and learns to regulate their mental states.

4. Continuous monitoring

• Further assessments are performed throughout the programme to adapt the protocol and optimise the results.

 

Conclusion

Neurofeedback protocols offer a personalised and effective way to support mental and physical well-being. With an initial assessment and continuous monitoring, each person can follow a tailored programme designed to address their specific needs.